Specific features of the apoptotic response of urinary bladder cancer cells to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The TUNEL reaction was used to study induced apoptosis in the tumor cells of urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients. It has been shown that an increase in the values of induced apoptosis correlates well with the indicators showing a tumor’s corresponding response to the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, using the gemcitabine-cisplatin regimen. It has been concluded that assessing the level of induced apoptosis in UBC tumor cells using the TUNEL assay enables making a prognosis for the efficacy of chemotherapy at the single-cell level in patients with this type of cancer.     

Hyperosmolarity enhanced susceptibility to renal tubular fibrosis by modulating catabolism of type I transforming growth factor‐β receptors

Hyperosmolarity plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of diabetic tubular fibrosis. However, the mechanism of the involvement of hyperosmolarity remains unclear. In this study, mannitol was used to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolarity on a renal distal tubule cell line (MDCK). We investigated transforming growth factor‐β receptors and their downstream fibrogenic signal proteins. We show that hyperosmolarity significantly enhances the susceptibility to exogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, as mannitol (27.5 mM) significantly enhanced the TGF‐β1‐induced increase in fibronectin levels compared with control experiments (5.5 mM). Specifically, hyperosmolarity induced tyrosine phosphorylation on TGF‐β RII at 336 residues in a time (0–24 h) and dose (5.5–38.5 mM) dependent manner. In addition, hyperosmolarity increased the level of TGF‐β RI in a dose‐ and time‐course dependent manner. These observations may be closely related to decreased catabolism of TGF‐β RI. Hyperosmolarity significantly downregulated the expression of an inhibitory Smad (Smad7), decreased the level of Smurf 1, and reduced ubiquitination of TGF‐β RI. In addition, through the use of cycloheximide and the proteasome inhibitor MG132, we showed that hyperosmolarity significantly increased the half‐life and inhibited the protein level of TGF‐β RI by polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Taken together, our data suggest that hyperosmolarity enhances cellular susceptibility to renal tubular fibrosis by activating the Smad7 pathway and increasing the stability of type I TGF‐β receptors by retarding proteasomal degradation of TGF‐β RI. This study clarifies the mechanism underlying hyperosmotic‐induced renal fibrosis in renal distal tubule cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 663–671, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Screening of lipid high producing mutant from rhodotorula glutinis by low ion implantation and study on optimization of fermentation medium

In order to obtain lipid producing strain with high-yield, the wild type stain Rhodotorula glutinis was treated by low ion implantation, and optimization of fermentation medium for higher lipid yield was carried out using mutant strain. It was found that the strain had a higher positive mutation rate when the output power was 10 keV and the dose of N⁺ implantation was 80 × 2.6 × 10¹³ ions/cm². Then a high-yield mutant strain D30 was obtained through cid-heating coupling ultrasonic method and lipid yield was 3.10 g/L. Additionally, the surface response method was used to optimize fermentation medium. The three significant factors (glucose, peptone, KH₂PO₄) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the optimized parameters of fermentation medium were as follows: glucose 73.40 g/L, peptone 1.06 g/L and KH₂PO₄ 3.56 g/L. Finally the fermentation characteristic of high-yield mutation strain D30 was studied, when fermentation time was 10 days, which lipid yield increased to 7.81 g/L. Fatty acid composition of the lipid was determined by GC, and the most represented fatty acids of mutant D30 were C16:0 (11.4 %), C16:1 (5.66 %), C18:1 (49.3 %), and C18:2 (27.0 %).     

后疫情时代全球可持续发展目标加速行动的推动

“SDGs加速行动”是国际组织、政府部门、私营机构和其他利益攸关方为加快落实2030年可持续发展议程采取的全球行动。2019年联合国可持续发展目标峰会后，政府、国际组织、私营部门等提出了214项SDGs加速行动。2019年爆发的新型冠状病毒肺炎（Corona Virus Disease 2019，COVID-19）对实现可持续发展目标带来了系列影响，后疫情时代如何推动全球SDGs加速行动的实施成为重要的问题。对可持续发展评估报告（2019）和可持续发展目标加速行动等政策文件进行信息提取，建立加速行动匹配性指数模型和各国应对新冠疫情的恢复力指数模型，根据匹配性-恢复力分类体系将各国按照17项可持续发展目标分为9类，为推动后疫情时代全球可持续发展目标加速行动提供支撑。研究发现：（1）现有可持续发展目标加速行动的实施与区域需求不匹配，且这种不匹配的情况在COVID-19爆发前已经出现；（2）加速行动的实施受限于现有可持续发展水平和国家经济基础，区域关注的可持续发展目标与其自然地理位置和社会发展水平有着密切的关系，多边组织机构和其他利益攸关方需要在发展中国家大力推动可持续发展加速行动；（3）下一步实施加速行动需要加强国际间的合作，根据分类框架和可持续发展目标的关联关系，分重点推进加速行动的实施，完善可持续发展指标监测体系，分类设立后疫情时代不同时期的阶段目标，分阶段循序渐进，定期反馈追踪，以在2030年促进17项可持续目标的实现。     

栽培条件对灵芝子实体中四种重金属含量的影响

以不同灵芝品种、不同栽培基质、不同栽培方式、不同生长时期获得的菌草灵芝和木屑灵芝为原料,对栽培基质及灵芝子实体中铅、砷、汞、镉4种重金属的含量参照国际标准进行检测,结果表明虽然菌草栽培基质中重金属含量高于木屑栽培基质,但菌草灵芝对重金属富集率远低于木屑灵芝,成熟期的菌草灵芝与木屑灵芝中的重金属含量均低于农业行业标准和国家标准。因此菌草可以替代木屑用作灵芝栽培的营养来源。     

高速逆流色谱法分离灵芝中的灵芝烯酸B

本实验建立一种快速从灵芝子实体中制备灵芝烯酸B的方法。以沪农灵芝1号子实体乙醇提取物为原料,经过D101大孔树脂粗分,用60%乙醇洗脱后,采用高速逆流色谱对获得的灵芝酸性三萜进行分离制备。确定最佳溶剂体系为正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（V/V/V/V,5:5:2:9）,上相作为固定相,下相作为流动相,单因素法和正交实验设计确定高速逆流色谱法分离灵芝烯酸B的最佳工艺为：流速2.0mL/min,转速900r/min,一次上样量为500mg时,制备得到灵芝烯酸B化合物得率为(9.07±0.16)%,纯度为(85.04±3.45)%。用质谱、核磁对得到的灵芝烯酸B进行了结构鉴定。此法操作简单高效,为大量制备灵芝烯酸B提供了参考。